The 19-year-old pace bowler took 3-37 from six overs on Friday, including the key wickets of Matt Short and Glenn Maxwell, Â in the 140-run win.
Anderson hasn't played at all since March because of a back injury and was brought on the trip for experience.
Then on Friday morning, Test quick Josh Hazlewood was ruled out because of illness.
Anderson had to borrow a shirt from teammate Sam Konstas.
The match was shortened to 45 overs apiece because of morning rain and NSW amassed 8-336.
Steve Smith made a timely 56 ahead of the India Test series after his twin failures earlier this week in the Sheffield Shield loss to Victoria.
Smith shook his head in disagreement after Peter Siddle trapped him lbw.
Because that's why 😉 — Victorian Cricket Team (@VicStateCricket) #vicsdoitbetter pic.twitter.com/URMQx30gwlOctober 25, 2024
Matthew Gilkes top-scored with 74 from just 42 balls, with eight fours and four sixes, while opener Nic Maddinson scored 63.
Siddle took 5-49 from his nine overs - the first time the veteran paceman has snared five-for in an interstate one dayer.
Short gave Victoria some hope with his blazing 80 from 58 balls, with five fours and fives sixes.
But when he was the fifth wicket to fall at 129 in the 21st over, the home side were shot and they were dismissed for 196 in 34.2 overs.
Maxwell made 21, while Chris Green took 3-27.
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