Government buildings in several cities were briefly captured or torched last week as initially peaceful protests against fuel price increases became violent in the worst bout of violence in the Central Asian nation's post-Soviet history.
President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev sacked his cabinet, issued shoot-to-kill orders and declared a state of emergency in the oil-rich nation of 19 million.
He also asked a Russian-led military bloc to send in troops, who the government says have since been deployed to guard strategic sites.
Authorities on Monday for the first time linked the violence to what they said were members of Islamist groups.
"As the events in Almaty and several other regions of the country have shown, Kazakhstan has been subjected to armed aggression by well-coordinated terrorist groups trained abroad," the foreign ministry said in a statement.
"According to preliminary data, the attackers include individuals who have military combat zone experience in the ranks of radical Islamist groups."
It did not name any specific groups.
The National Security Committee said on Monday, an official day of mourning, that the situation had stabilised and that security forces had restored control.
Karim Masimov, the committee's former head, was detained on suspicion of treason last week, days after Tokayev dismissed him.
Russian and state media, citing a government social media post, have reported that 164 people had been killed. Health and police authorities did not confirm that figure, and the original social media post has been deleted.
"I think there was some kind of a conspiracy involving domestic and certain foreign destructive forces," Secretary of State Yerlan Karin told state television on Monday, without naming any suspects.
A former Kazakh prime minister told Reuters on Sunday that Tokayev must move fast to consolidate his grip after appearing to break with Nursultan Nazarbayev, his powerful predecessor.Â
